ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze technical and economic indicators of responses of papaya (Carica papaya L.) to the production factors water and organic compost, in a rural property with characteristic of family farming in the Semiarid region of Brazil. The study was conducted from August 2019 to July 2020, in the first crop cycle, in the municipality of Pentecoste, Ceara, Brazil. A Formosa papaya crop (cultivar Tainung 1) was established with spacing of 2.5 × 2.5 m, and irrigated by a micro-sprinkler localized system. A randomized block design was used, with a split-plot arrangement and four replications. The primary treatments consisted of four irrigation water depths (60%, 80%, 100%, and 120% of the crop evapotranspiration), and the secondary treatments consisted of four organic compost rates (0%, 50%, 100%, and 150% of the required rate for the crop). The irrigation water productivity of 5.38 R$ (BRL) m-3, related to the requirements of the production factors, on average, is five-fold the reference value for papaya crops under conventional production system. Rural credit allows the farmer to reach a social reproduction level with a papaya crop area that can be, on average, half of that needed under conditions without financing.

RESUMO A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar indicadores técnicos e econômicos da resposta do mamoeiro (Carica papaya L.) aos fatores de produção água e composto orgânico em uma propriedade com característica de agricultura familiar no semiárido brasileiro. O estudo foi conduzido no período de agosto de 2019 a julho de 2020 no primeiro ciclo de produção no município de Pentecoste-CE. A cultura do mamoeiro Formosa tipo Tainung 1 foi estabelecida no espaçamento de 2,5 m x 2,5 m, sendo a irrigação realizada por sistema localizado do tipo microaspersão. O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas em quatro repetições, com tratamentos primários constituídos por quatro lâminas de irrigação (60%, 80%, 100% e 120% da evapotranspiração da cultura) e tratamentos secundários por quatro níveis de composto orgânico (0%, 50%, 100% e 150% da dose requerida pela cultura). A produtividade da água de irrigação relativa aos requerimentos dos fatores de produção no valor 4,51 R$ m-3 representou em média cinco vezes o valor de referência para o cultivo do mamoeiro em sistema de produção convencional; O crédito rural permitiu alcançar o nível de reprodução social com o cultivo de uma área que em média representa a metade da área em condições que não ocorra o financiamento.

Objective: Amygdala has been demonstrated as one of the brain sites involved in the control of cardiorespiratory functioning. The structural and physiological alterations induced by epileptic activity are also present in the amygdala and reflect functional changes that may be directly associated with a sudden unexpected death. Seizures are always associated with neuronal damage and changes in the expression of cation-chloride cotransporters and Na/K pumps. In this study, the authors aimed to investigate if these changes are present in the amygdala after induction of status epilepticus with pilocarpine, which may be directly correlated with Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP). Methods: Pilocarpine-treated wistar rats 60 days after Status Epilepticus (SE) were compared with control rats. Amygdala nuclei of brain slices immunostained for NKCC1, KCC2 and α1-Na+/K+-ATPase, were quantified by optical densitometry. Results: The amygdaloid complex of the animals submitted to SE had no significant difference in the NKCC1 immunoreactivity, but KCC2 immunoreactivity reduced drastically in the peri-somatic sites and in the dendritic-like processes. The α1-Na+/K+-ATPase peri-somatic immunoreactivity was intense in the rats submitted to pilocarpine SE when compared with control rats. The pilocarpine SE also promoted intense GFAP staining, specifically in the basolateral and baso-medial nuclei with astrogliosis and cellular debris deposition. Interpretation: The findings revealed that SE induces lesion changes in the expression of KCC2 and α1-Na + /K + -ATPase meaning intense change in the chloride regulation in the amygdaloid complex. These changes may contribute to cardiorespiratory dysfunction leading to SUDEP.

Abstract Background The 6-OHDA nigro-striatal lesion model has already been related to disorders in the excitability and synchronicity of neural networks and variation in the expression of transmembrane proteins that control intra and extracellular ionic concentrations, such as cation-chloride cotransporters (NKCC1 and KCC2) and Na+/K+-ATPase and, also, to the glial proliferation after injury. All these non-synaptic mechanisms have already been related to neuronal injury and hyper-synchronism processes. Objective The main objective of this study is to verify whether mechanisms not directly related to synaptic neurotransmission could be involved in the modulation of nigrostriatal pathways. Methods Male Wistar rats, 3 months old, were submitted to a unilateral injection of 24 µg of 6-OHDA, in the striatum (n= 8). The animals in the Control group (n= 8) were submitted to the same protocol, with the replacement of 6-OHDA by 0.9% saline. The analysis by optical densitometry was performed to quantify the immunoreactivity intensity of GFAP, NKCC1, KCC2, Na+/K+-ATPase, TH and Cx36. Results The 6-OHDA induced lesions in the striatum, were not followed by changes in the expression cation-chloride cotransporters and Na+/K+-ATPase, but with astrocytic reactivity in the lesioned and adjacent regions of the nigrostriatal. Moreover, the dopaminergic degeneration caused by 6-OHDA is followed by changes in the expression of connexin-36. Conclusions The use of the GJ blockers directly along the nigrostriatal pathways to control PD motor symptoms is conjectured. Electrophysiology of the striatum and the substantia nigra, to verify changes in neuronal synchronism, comparing brain slices of control animals and experimental models of PD, is needed.

RESUMO O cultivo da cebola na região Nordeste vem ganhando destaque devido às condições edafoclimáticas favoráveis e ao uso de tecnologia. No entanto, o aumento dos custos de produção, as oscilações de preços e a supressão do enxofre nas formulações dos fertilizantes constituem um risco para o produtor. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se avaliar os aspectos produtivos e econômicos da cebola em resposta a adubação com enxofre. Dois experimentos foram realizados de junho a novembro de 2018 e 2019, ambos na Fazenda Experimental Rafael Fernandes, pertencente à Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido, município de Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, em Argissolo. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com 14 tratamentos e quatro repetições, correspondendo à combinação de duas cultivares de cebola e sete doses de enxofre. Foram avaliados: teor de enxofre na folha diagnóstica, rendimento de bulbos, custos operacionais totais, receita bruta, receita líquido, taxa de retorno e índice de lucratividade. Independente da cultivar utilizada, os custos dos insumos somam as maiores despesas, atingindo valores aproximados de 60,6 e 48,4% do custo operacional total para as cultivares Rio das Antas e IPA 11, respectivamente. A Rio das Antas foi mais eficiente no uso do enxofre, obtendo maior rendimento e receita líquida. O fornecimento de 34 kg ha-1 de enxofre proporcionou rendimento e receita líquida máxima para a Rio das Antas. A aplicação de enxofre não influenciou o rendimento da cultivar IPA 11.

ABSTRACT The cultivation of onion in the Brazilian Northeast region has been gaining prominence due to the favorable edaphoclimatic conditions and the use of technology. However, the increase in production costs, price fluctuations and the suppression of sulfur in fertilizer formulations constitute a risk for the farmers. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the productive and economic aspects of onion production as a response to sulfur fertilization. Two experiments were carried out from June to November 2018 and 2019, at the Rafael Fernandes Experimental Farm, belonging to the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-árido, in the municipality of Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, in an Ultisol. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with 14 treatments and four replicates, corresponding to the combination of two onion cultivars and seven doses of sulfur. The following characteristics were evaluated: sulfur content in the diagnostic leaf, bulb yield, total operating costs, gross revenue, net revenue, rate of return and yield index. Regardless of the cultivar, input costs add up to higher expenses, reaching approximate values of 60.6 and 48.4% of the total operating cost for the Rio das Antas and IPA 11 cultivars, respectively. Rio das Antas was more sulfur efficient, achieving greater bulb yield and net revenue. The 34 kg ha-1 sulfur dose promoted maximum yield and net revenue for Rio das Antas. The application of sulfur did not influence the yield of the IPA 11 cultivar.

Abstract Classified as the second most common neurodegenerative disorder associated with aging after Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common movement disorder. In the last decade, despite advances in treatment, mortality rates linked with PD continued to reach significant figures. Available studies have shown that compared with healthy controls, patients with PD are accompanied by high rates of premature death. This is usually caused by factors such as pneumonia and cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, it has been demonstrated that a significant proportion of patients with PD die suddenly. This is referred to as a sudden and unexpected death in PD (SUDPAR). Here, we focus on the magnitude of SUDPAR. Finally, it is important to learn more about SUDPAR for the implementation of effective prevention strategies.

ABSTRACT In regions with high temperatures, carrot cultivation is impracticable, as high temperatures tend to reduce yield and quality of the product. However, with the advent of summer cultivars, carrot cultivation in these regions has become viable. The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of ten carrot cultivars in different planting seasons. The experiments were carried out at the Rafael Fernandes Experimental Farm of the Federal Rural Semiarid University (UFERSA). The experiments were carried out in May, June, July and August of 2017. The experimental design was a randomized block with ten treatments and four repetitions. The characteristics that were evaluated were the root classification (long, average and short roots); commercial, non-commercial and total yield; dry plant weight and root fresh weight. Both the planting season and the cultivar played important roles in agronomic performance throughout the experimental period. In May and June, the highest average yields and plant growth were obtained (43 and 45 t ha-1 yield, respectively). Hybrid cultivars showed better performance than open-pollinated cultivars in terms of yield. The Brasília, BRS Planalto, and Kuronan varieties showed poor performance in all the evaluated characteristics.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência da utilização de fósforo por cultivares de milho para produção de espigas verdes. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, um no período chuvoso (março a junho) e outro no período seco (agosto a dezembro), ambos na Fazenda Experimental Rafael Fernandes, na comunidade de Alagoinha, pertencente à Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido, no município de Mossoró, RN. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela combinação de três níveis de fósforo (baixo, médio e alto) e oito cultivares de milho (Dona Josélia, Carrapateira, Pontinha, Cruzeta, Potiguar, BRS 2022, Status e AG 1051). Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3 × 8, com quatro repetições. As características avaliadas foram: número e massa total de espigas verde, número e massa de espigas verdes comercializáveis (empalhadas e despalhadas), eficiências agronômica, fisiológica, de produção de espigas, de recuperação e de utilização do fósforo. As cultivares apresentaram melhor desempenho produtivo quando adubadas com fósforo. As cultivares Cruzeta, Potiguar, BRS 2022, Status, AG 1051 e Carrapateira foram as mais eficientes na utilização do fósforo para a produção de milho verde.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the use of phosphorus by maize cultivars for the production of green ears. Two experiments were carried out, one in the rainy season (March to June) and the other in the dry period (August to December), both at the Rafael Fernandes Experimental Farm, in the community of Alagoinha, belonging to the Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido, in the municipality of Mossoró, RN, Brazil. The treatments consisted of a combination of three levels of phosphorus (low, medium and high) and eight corn cultivars (Dona Josélia, Carrapateira, Pontinha, Cruzeta, Potiguar, BRS 2022, Status and AG 1051). A randomized block design was used in a 3 × 8 factorial scheme, with four repetitions. The evaluated characteristics were: number and total mass of green ears, number and mass of tradable, stuffed and depleted green ears, agronomic and physiological efficiency of production of recovery and use of phosphorus. The cultivars showed better productive performance when fertilized with phosphorus. The cultivars Cruzeta, Potiguar, BRS 2022, Status, AG 1051 and Carrapateira were the most efficient in the use of phosphorus to produce green maize.

RESUMO Utilizado na agricultura como condicionante do solo, a poliacrilamida, constituinte básico do hidrogel, tem a característica de absorver, por processo físico, água e a estocar para as plantas conforme sua necessidade hídrica. Entretanto, a poliacrilamida sofre degradação de sua cadeia, devido à ação da radiação ultravioleta e de sais presentes no meio, ocasionando a liberação de acrilamida, substância tóxica e não biodegradável. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a fotodegradação da poliacrilamida e o efeito de algumas substâncias químicas presentes no solo na degradação desse polímero. Para tanto foi feito o estudo da fotodegradação do hidrogel empregando a técnica Espectroscopia no Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) de forma a comprovar o grau de degradação do polímero. Avaliou-se também a retenção de água de um Latossolo Vermelho Escuro Distroférrico com presença do gel empregando-se para tal, o método da centrífuga. Os resultados comprovaram que depois de degradada a poliacrilamida teve perda do grupamento amida, indicativo da quebra de cadeia em acrilamida. Além do mais o polímero perdeu suas características de retenção de água, com a modificação das suas redes poliméricas e aspecto de gel.

ABSTRACT Used in agriculture as a soil conditioner because the polyacrylamide basic constituent of the hydrogel has the characteristic of absorbing water by physical process and also stock for the plants according to their water requirements. However, the hydrogel has endured its chain degradation because of UV radiation and salts present in the soil causing the release of residues and toxic substances and non-biodegradable substance. This study aimed to evaluate the photodegradation of polyacrylamide and the effect of some chemical substances present in the soil in the degradation of this polymer. For the evaluation of photodegradation of polyacrylamide was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) to demonstrate the degree of polymer degradation. It was also evaluated the water retention in soil with of the gel by the centrifuge method. The results showed that after degraded polyacrylamide decrease in the amide grouping being indicative of polyacrylamide chain breaking acrylamide. Moreover the polymer lost its water retention characteristics, with the modification of its polymeric nets and gel appearance.

RESUMO A consorciação de culturas é um sistema de cultivo que envolve o cultivo de duas ou mais culturas na mesma área com diferentes ciclos e arquiteturas vegetativas. Uma das maneiras de aumentar a produtividade e a eficiência neste sistema de cultivo é através de adubação verde e considerando adequadamente as combinações de culturas, o tempo e a configuração de plantio das culturas componentes. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo de sistemas consorciados de cenoura e alface em diferentes quantidades de biomassa de flor-de-seda incorporadas no solo e em diferentes arranjos espaciais. O estudo foi realizado na fazenda experimental Rafael Fernandes, RN, Brasil, no período de setembro de 2012 a janeiro de 2013, em um delineamento experimental de blocos completos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4 x 3, com doze tratamentos e 3 repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram da combinação de quatro quantidades de biomassa de flor-de-seda incorporadas no solo (10, 25, 40 e 55 t ha-1 em base seca) com quatro arranjos espaciais predeterminados entre as culturas componentes (2:2, 3:3 e 4:4), que correspondem às fileiras de cenoura alternadas com as fileiras de alface. O desempenho agronômico do sistema de consórcio de cenoura e alface foi otimizado na quantidade de aproximadamente 46.36 t ha-1 de flor-de-seda incorporada no solo. Não houve influência dos arranjos espaciais sobre a eficiência agronômica do consórcio de cenoura e alface. O uso da flor-de-seda como adubo verde é agronomicamente viável em sistemas consorciados de cenoura e alface.

ABSTRACT Intercropping is a cropping system that involves cultivating two or more crops in the same area with different cycles and vegetative architectures. One of the ways to increase productivity and efficiency in this cropping system is through green manuring and by properly considering crop combinations, cultivation timing, and planting configuration of the component crops. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the productive performance of carrot and lettuce intercropping systems under different amounts of rooster tree biomass incorporated into the soil and under different spatial arrangements. The study was conducted at the experimental farm Rafael Fernandes, RN, Brazil, in the period from September 2012 to January 2013, in an experimental design of randomized complete blocks in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, with twelve treatments and 3 replicates. The treatments consisted of the combination of four rooster tree biomass amounts incorporated into the soil (10, 25, 40 and 55 t ha-1 on a dry basis) with three predetermined spatial arrangements between the component crops (2:2, 3:3 and 4:4), which correspond to the rows of carrot alternating with the rows of lettuce. The agronomic performance of the carrot and lettuce intercropping system was optimized in the amount of approximately 46.36 t ha-1 of rooster tree incorporated into the soil. There was no influence of the spatial arrangements on the agronomic efficiency of the carrot and lettuce intercropping. The use of rooster tree as green manure is agronomically viable in intercropped systems of carrot and lettuce.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a formação de biofilme e o perfil de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos de Pseudomonas aeruginosa isoladas na avaliação da qualidade microbiológica de 80 amostras de águas minerais naturais comercializadas em garrafões de 20 L. Foi realizada a quantificação de P. aeruginosa e enterococos; a pesquisa de coliformes totais, coliformes termotolerantes e de clostrídios sulfito redutores (CSR). A produção de biofilme de P. aeruginosa foi avaliada em caldo infusão cérebro-coração (BHI) e em água mineral natural estéril nas temperaturas de 25 e 35ºC por 24 e 48 h. A avaliação da susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos foi realizada pelo teste de difusão em ágar (Kirby-Bauer). De 80 amostras analisadas, 40 (50%) apresentaram qualidade microbiológica insatisfatória segundo a RDC nº275/05. Trinta e oito (47,5%) amostras apresentaram P. aeruginosa, nove (11,2%) coliformes totais, quatro (5,0%) CSR e uma (1,2%) coliformes termotolerantes. Nenhuma amostra apresentou contaminação por enterococos. Dezesseis cepas (51,6%) de P. aeruginosa foram classificadas como não aderentes ou fracamente aderentes, tanto no BHI quanto na água mineral. Contudo, cinco cepas (16,1%) apresentaram-se fortemente aderentes nas duas matrizes, principalmente no caldo BHI e na temperatura de 25ºC. Cepas resistentes ou com resistência intermediária a antibióticos da classe dos aminoglicosídeos e/ou β-lactâmicos foram isoladas neste estudo. Concluiu-se que os isolados de P. aeruginosa foram capazes de produzir biofilme nas matrizes estudadas e apresentaram resistência a antimicrobianos. Metade das amostras apresentou qualidade microbiológica insatisfatória, principalmente devido à contaminação por P. aeruginosa (47,5%).

This study evaluated biofilm formation and antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated to evaluate the microbiological quality of 80 natural mineral water samples sold in 20 L bottles. The quantity of P. aeruginosa and enterococci was assessed, including total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms and sulfite-reducing clostridia (SRC). Biofilm production from P. aeruginosa was evaluated in brain heart infusion broth (BHI) and sterile natural mineral water at temperatures of 25 and 35ºC for 24 and 48 h. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using the agar diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer). Of the 80 samples analyzed, 40 (50%) presented unsatisfactory microbiological quality according to RDC no. 275/05. Thirty-eight (47.5%) samples presented P. aeruginosa, nine (11.2%) total coliforms, four (5.0%) SRC and one (1.2%) thermotolerant coliform. Sixteen P. aeruginosa strains (51.6%) were classified as non-adherent or weakly adherent, both in BHI as in mineral water. However, five strains (16.1%) were strongly adherent in the two matrices, mainly in BHI at the temperature of 25ºC. The study also isolated resistant or intermediate resistant strains to antibiotics of aminoglycosides and/or β-lactams classes. It was concluded that P. aeruginosa isolates were able to produce biofilm in the studied matrices and presented resistance to antimicrobials. Half of the samples presented unsatisfactory microbiological quality, mostly due to P. aeruginosa contamination.

Objetivo Traçar o perfil dos doadores viabilizados por um Serviço de Procura de Órgãos e Tecidos e comparar o consentimento familiar para doação de tecidos antes e após esta modificação do Termo de Doação.Método Estudo descritivo, documental, quantitativo, realizado em um Serviço de Procura de Órgãos e Tecidos, analisou 111 prontuários de doadores viabilizados nos períodos de 13 de março a 13 de setembro de 2010 (1o Período) e de 14 de Setembro de 2010 a 14 de Março de 2011 (2operíodo), selecionados com base na data desta modificação.Resultado Foi encontrada média de idade de 45,2 anos entre os doadores, sendo 52,3% do sexo feminino. As causas de morte incluem acidente vascular encefálico (64%), traumatismos cranioencefálicos (27%), encefalopatias anóxicas (2,7%), ferimentos por arma de fogo (2,7%) e outras (3,6%). As notificações foram predominantemente de origem espontânea (91%). Comparando os períodos antes e após a modificação do Termo de Doação, o consentimento para doação de córneas apresentou aumento de 17,2% e para doação de pele, ossos, tendões e músculos, discreto aumento de 3,1%, 9,9% e 0,4% respectivamente. Por sua vez, apresentou discreta diminuição o consentimento de vasos sanguíneos, de 0,8%, e valvas cardíacas de 4,1%, entre os períodos.Conclusão Obteve-se um aumento do consentimento familiar para a doação da maioria dos tecidos, porém com significância estatística apenas para doação de córneas.

Objective To define donors’ profile of an Organ and Tissue Procurement Center and compare the family consent for tissue donation before and after modification of the Donation Term.Methods A descriptive, documentary and quantitative study performed in an Organ and Tissue Procurement Center, analyzed 111 feasible donors’ charts in the period from March 13 to September 13, 2010 (1st period), and from September 14, 2010 to March 14, 2011 (2nd period), based on the modification date.Results The mean age of donors was 45.2 years, being 52.3% female. The causes of death included cerebral vascular accident (stroke) (64%), head trauma (27%), anoxic encephalopathy (2.7%), firearm injuries (2.7%) and others (3.6%). The notifications were predominantly of spontaneous origin (91%). Comparing the periods before and after the modification of the Donation Term, the donation consent for cornea increased by 17.2% and the consent for skin, bones, tendons and muscles had a discreet increase by 3.1%, 9.9% and 0.4%, respectively. On the other hand, there was decrease in consent for blood vessel (0.8%) and heart valves (4.1%) between the two periods.Conclusion There was increase in family consent for donation of most tissues, but it was statistically significant only for cornea donation.

OBJETIVO: Identificar escalas capazes de estabelecer uma avaliação quantitativa dos sintomas do delirium em pacientes graves por meio de uma revisão sistemática. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados estudos que avaliaram escalas de estratificação de delirium em pacientes internados em unidades de terapia intensiva a partir de busca na base de dados MedLine. Os estudos de validação dessas escalas foram analisados, e foram identificados os pacientes alvos para aplicação, o avaliador, os sinais e sintomas avaliados, a duração da aplicação, além da sensibilidade e da especificidade de cada escala. RESULTADOS: Seis escalas foram identificadas: o Delirium Detection Score, o Cognitive Test of Delirium, a Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale, o Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist, a The Neelon and Champagne Confusion Scale e a Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98. CONCLUSÃO: As escalas identificadas permitem estratificação e acompanhamento do paciente grave com delirium. Dentre as seis escalas, a mais estudada e que melhor se adequa ao uso em unidade de terapia intensiva foi o Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist.

OBJECTIVE: To identify scales that can establish a quantitative assessment of delirium symptoms in critically ill patients through a systematic review. METHODS: Studies that evaluated delirium stratification scales in patients hospitalized in intensive care units were selected in a search performed in the MedLine database. Validation studies of these scales and their target patient populations were analyzed, and we identified the examiner and the signs and symptoms evaluated. In addition, the duration of the application and the sensitivity and specificity of each scale were assessed. RESULTS: Six scales were identified: the Delirium Detection Score, the Cognitive Test of Delirium, the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale, the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist, The Neelon and Champagne Confusion Scale and the Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98. CONCLUSION: The scales identified allow the stratification and monitoring of critically ill patients with delirium. Among the six scales, the most studied and best suited for use in the intensive care units was the Intensive Care Delirium Screening